Suchergebnisse

Con base en las condiciones fisico-geográ­ ficas, demográficas e históricas del sistema de transporte colombiano, el presente estu­ dio investiga el impacto que la apertura eco­ nómica ha tenido sobre el transporte en Colombia desde 1990. Se analizan los pro­ blemas generados o agravados por la aper­ tura y se evalúan las estrategias aplicadas por el gobierno para contrarrestar dichos efec­ tos, así como el impacto de las mismas so­ bre las disparidades regionales. El estudio infiere que la apertura económica generó un fuerte aumento de los volúmenes de trans­ porte beneficiando principalmente al modo carretero, generando problemas como embotellamientos y deterioro de la infraes­ tructura. La creciente dependencia del país de este modo de transporte aumentó, al mismo tiempo, la vulnerabilidad del sistema de transporte en general. A pesar de que las medidas adoptadas por el gobierno lleva­ ron hacia un sistema más eficiente, gracias a la colaboración del sector privado, a la par se agravaron las disparidades regionales. ; Based on the physical-geographic, demogra­ phic and historie conditions of the Colom­ bian transpon system, the present study investigares the impact of the economic li­ berali zation on the transport sector in Co­ lombia since 1990. The study analizes the problems generated or worsened by the li­ beralization and evaluares the strategies ap­ plicd by the national govern men t to counterstrike the effects as well as the im­ pact of these on the regional disparities. The study concludes that the economic liberali­ zation generated a high increase of traffic volumc which favoured mainly the road sec­ tor, generating problems like traffic jams and a degradation of the infrastructure. At the same time, the increasing dependency of the country on this type of transport also increased the vulncrability of the transport system in general. Despite the fact that the measures adopted by the government fa­ voured a more efficient system due to the collaboration of the prívate sector, at thc same time regional disparities were i n ­ creased.

Con base en las condiciones fisico-geográ­ ficas, demográficas e históricas del sistema de transporte colombiano, el presente estu­ dio investiga el impacto que la apertura eco­ nómica ha tenido sobre el transporte en Colombia desde 1990. Se analizan los pro­ blemas generados o agravados por la aper­ tura y se evalúan las estrategias aplicadas por el gobierno para contrarrestar dichos efec­ tos, así como el impacto de las mismas so­ bre las disparidades regionales. El estudio infiere que la apertura económica generó un fuerte aumento de los volúmenes de trans­ porte beneficiando principalmente al modo carretero, generando problemas como embotellamientos y deterioro de la infraes­ tructura. La creciente dependencia del país de este modo de transporte aumentó, al mismo tiempo, la vulnerabilidad del sistema de transporte en general. A pesar de que las medidas adoptadas por el gobierno lleva­ ron hacia un sistema más eficiente, gracias a la colaboración del sector privado, a la par se agravaron las disparidades regionales. ; Based on the physical-geographic, demogra­ phic and historie conditions of the Colom­ bian transpon system, the present study investigares the impact of the economic li­ berali zation on the transport sector in Co­ lombia since 1990. The study analizes the problems generated or worsened by the li­ beralization and evaluares the strategies ap­ plicd by the national govern men t to counterstrike the effects as well as the im­ pact of these on the regional disparities. The study concludes that the economic liberali­ zation generated a high increase of traffic volumc which favoured mainly the road sec­ tor, generating problems like traffic jams and a degradation of the infrastructure. At the same time, the increasing dependency of the country on this type of transport also increased the vulncrability of the transport system in general. Despite the fact that the measures adopted by the government fa­ voured a more efficient system due to the collaboration of the prívate sector, at thc same time regional disparities were i n ­ creased.

We live in a period of profound systemic change, and as in similar periods in the past, there is bound to be considerable instability and uncertainty before the new society and economy take shape. We have to identify actions that will shape change for the better, and help to build resilience to the inevitable shocks inherent in, and generated by, the complex system of systems constituted by the economy, society and the environment. These challenges require updating the way policies are devised and implemented, and developing more realistic tools and techniques to design those policies on the basis of appropriate data. In Systemic Thinking for Policy Making world experts from the OECD and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) pool their expertise and experience to propose new approaches to analysing the interconnected trends and issues shaping today's and tomorrow's world. The authors argue that to tackle planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy and socio-political systems, we have to understand their systemic properties, such as tipping points, interconnectedness and resilience. They give the reader a precise introduction to the tools and techniques needed to do so, and offer hope that we can overcome the challenges the world is facing.